Herunder er det muligt at vælge blandt en række andre artslister. Bl.a. diverse regionsartslister, årsartslister etc. The list below contains all tickable species recorded in Denmark. If the birder has seen a species 2003, it is indicated in two ways. In the left side of the list there will be an 'X' and the name of the species will be written in black. Species not seen by the birder will be written in grey . A chronological list of Leif Frederiksen's ticks can be seen by clicking here: Chronological list of the ticks .1 X Red-throated Loon 14-07-2013 Harboøre tange, Havet 2 X Black-throated Loon 31-07-2007 Børstrup Hage, Gilleleje 3 * Pacific Loon 4 Great Northern Loon 5 Yellow-billed Loon 6 X Little Grebe 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 7 X Great Crested Grebe 05-07-1985 Bavelse 8 X Red-necked Grebe 02-07-2006 Kærup Holme 9 Horned Grebe 10 X Black-necked Grebe 30-07-1997 Amager Fælled 11 * Black-browed Albatross 12 Northern Fulmar 13 * Cory's Shearwater 14 * Great Shearwater 15 Sooty Shearwater 16 Manx Shearwater 17 * Balearic Shearwater 18 * Audubon's Shearwater 19 European Storm Petrel 20 Leach's Storm Petrel 21 * Brown Booby 22 X Northern Gannet 14-07-2007 Fjaltring 23 X Great Cormorant 05-07-1985 Bavelse 24 * European Shag 25 * Dalmatian Pelican 26 * Magnificent Frigatebird 27 Eurasian Bittern 28 * American Bittern 29 * Little Bittern 30 * Black-crowned Night Heron 31 * Squacco Heron 32 * Western Cattle Egret 33 X Little Egret 22-07-2008 Ølundgårds Inddæmning 34 X Great Egret 16-07-2006 Klydesøen, Vestamager 35 X Grey Heron 05-07-1985 Bavelse 36 * Purple Heron 37 X Black Stork 24-07-2014 Søgård mose, Langeland 38 X White Stork 17-07-2010 Gundsølille, Roskilde 39 X * Glossy Ibis 18-07-2014 Ølundgårs inddæmning, Otterup 40 X Eurasian Spoonbill 01-07-2006 Skjern enge, Vesterenge 41 X Mute Swan 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 42 Black Swan 43 Tundra Swan 44 X Whooper Swan 17-07-2010 Borreby mose 45 Tundra Bean Goose 46 Taiga Bean Goose 47 X Pink-footed Goose 25-07-2010 Strødam engsø 48 Greater White-fronted Goose 49 Lesser White-fronted Goose 50 X Greylag Goose 12-07-1985 Bavelse 51 X Bar-headed Goose 04-07-2009 Selsø området 52 X Canada Goose 24-07-2006 Ølsemagle revle 53 X Barnacle Goose 07-07-2008 Klydesøen, Vestamager 54 X Brant Goose 22-07-2005 Ølsemagle revle 55 Red-breasted Goose 56 X Egyptian Goose 03-07-2007 Selsø Sø 57 Ruddy Shelduck 58 X Common Shelduck 05-07-1985 Bavelse 59 X Mandarin Duck 27-07-2020 Tivoli 60 X Eurasian Wigeon 01-07-2005 Bygholm Vejle 61 * American Wigeon 62 X Gadwall 03-07-2007 Selsø Sø 63 * Baikal Teal 64 X Eurasian Teal 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 65 Green-winged Teal 66 X Mallard 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 67 X Northern Pintail 01-07-2006 Værnenge, Ringkøbing Fjord 68 X Garganey 28-07-2009 Klæggrav Kammerslusen 69 X * Blue-winged Teal 08-07-2013 Ølsemagle Revle 70 X Northern Shoveler 01-07-2006 Skjern enge, Vesterenge 71 X Red-crested Pochard 06-07-2014 Klydesøen, Vestamager 72 X Common Pochard 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 73 * Ring-necked Duck 74 X * Ferruginous Duck 15-07-2011 Nielstrup sø, Sjælland 75 X Tufted Duck 05-07-2003 Solbjerg Engsø 76 Greater Scaup 77 * Lesser Scaup 78 X Common Eider 25-07-1999 Ishøj Strand 79 King Eider 80 * Steller's Eider 81 Long-tailed Duck 82 X Common Scoter 03-07-2005 Skagen 83 * Black Scoter 84 X * Surf Scoter 12-07-2019 Uggerby Strand 85 X Velvet Scoter 17-07-2013 Harboøre tange, Havet 86 * White-winged Scoter 87 * Stejneger's Scoter 88 X Common Goldeneye 15-07-2007 Ølsemagle revle 89 X Smew 07-07-2011 Damhussøen 90 X Red-breasted Merganser 01-07-2005 Hvide Sande 91 X Common Merganser 08-07-2015 Ulvshaleløb, Syd for broen, Møn 92 X * Ruddy Duck 31-07-2013 Firtalsstrand, Otterup 93 X European Honey-buzzard 21-07-2000 Sønderjylland 94 * Black-winged Kite 95 X Black Kite 12-07-2014 Bøtø nor, Nørresø 96 X Red Kite 03-07-2005 Skagen 97 X White-tailed Eagle 03-07-2005 Skagen 98 * Egyptian Vulture 99 * Griffon Vulture 100 * Short-toed Snake Eagle 101 X Western Marsh Harrier 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 102 Hen Harrier 103 Pallid Harrier 104 X Montagu's Harrier 16-07-2008 Frederikskog 105 X Northern Goshawk 02-07-2006 Bygholm Vejle 106 X Eurasian Sparrowhawk 03-07-2005 Skagen 107 X Common Buzzard 21-07-2000 Jylland 108 * Long-legged Buzzard 109 X Rough-legged Buzzard 03-07-2005 Skagen 110 * Greater Spotted Eagle 111 Lesser Spotted Eagle 112 * Booted Eagle 113 X Golden Eagle 06-07-2010 Tofte sø, Lille vildmose 114 * Bonelli's Eagle 115 * Steppe Eagle 116 * Eastern Imperial Eagle 117 X Western Osprey 22-07-2005 Ølsemagle revle 118 * Lesser Kestrel 119 X Common Kestrel 19-07-1985 Tystrup Sø 120 * American Kestrel 121 Red-footed Falcon 122 X Merlin 17-07-2016 Lyne, Vestjylland 123 X Eurasian Hobby 23-07-2000 Fårup, Nordjylland 124 * Eleonora's Falcon 125 * Saker Falcon 126 * Gyrfalcon 127 X Peregrine Falcon 22-07-2005 Ølsemagle revle 128 * Black Grouse 129 X Grey Partridge 07-07-2007 Fjaltring 130 X Common Quail 02-07-2009 Mønge Mose 131 X Common Pheasant 05-07-1985 Bavelse 132 X Water Rail 03-07-2007 Selsø Sø 133 Spotted Crake 134 * Little Crake 135 X * Baillon's Crake 15-07-2007 Veddelen, Ulvshale 136 X Corn Crake 23-07-2008 Holmegård Mose 137 X Common Moorhen 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 138 * Allen's Gallinule 139 X Eurasian Coot 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 140 X Common Crane 02-07-2006 Bygholm Vejle 141 * Sandhill Crane 142 X * Demoiselle Crane 27-07-2016 Bøtø nor, nord (markerne) 143 * Little Bustard 144 * Macqueen's Bustard 145 * Great Bustard 146 X Eurasian Oystercatcher 05-07-1985 Bavelse 147 X * Black-winged Stilt 11-07-2014 Nygård sø, Nykøbing sj. 148 X Pied Avocet 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 149 X * Eurasian Stone-curlew 31-07-2010 Borreby Mose 150 * Cream-coloured Courser 151 * Collared Pratincole 152 * Oriental Pratincole 153 X * Black-winged Pratincole 29-07-2014 Det fremskudte dige, Vidåslusen 154 X Little Ringed Plover 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 155 X Common Ringed Plover 05-07-1985 Bavelse 156 X Kentish Plover 13-07-2015 Saltvandssøen, 157 * Lesser Sand Plover 158 * Greater Sand Plover 159 Eurasian Dotterel 160 X * Pacific Golden Plover 28-07-2008 Ølsemagle revle 161 X * American Golden Plover 08-07-2019 Stauningsø 162 X European Golden Plover 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 163 X Grey Plover 25-07-2001 Ølsemagle revle 164 * Sociable Lapwing 165 * White-tailed Lapwing 166 X Northern Lapwing 05-07-1985 Bavelse 167 X Red Knot 25-07-2001 Ølsemagle revle 168 X Sanderling 25-07-2001 Ølsemagle revle 169 * Semipalmated Sandpiper 170 * Red-necked Stint 171 X Little Stint 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 172 X Temminck's Stint 16-07-2006 Klydesøen, Vestamager 173 X * White-rumped Sandpiper 16-07-2008 Stauningsø, Jersie 174 * Baird's Sandpiper 175 X Pectoral Sandpiper 06-07-2007 Rømø Vesterstrand 176 * Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 177 X Curlew Sandpiper 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 178 Purple Sandpiper 179 X Dunlin 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 180 X Broad-billed Sandpiper 22-07-2005 Ølsemagle revle 181 * Stilt Sandpiper 182 X * Buff-breasted Sandpiper 13-07-2016 Klydesøen, Vestamager 183 X Ruff 31-07-2004 Ølsemagle revle 184 Jack Snipe 185 X Common Snipe 05-07-1985 Bavelse 186 Great Snipe 187 * Long-billed Dowitcher 188 X Eurasian Woodcock 06-07-2017 Majbølle Dyrehave 189 X Black-tailed Godwit 01-07-2006 Skjern enge, Vesterenge 190 * Hudsonian Godwit 191 X Bar-tailed Godwit 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 192 X Whimbrel 31-07-2004 Ølsemagle revle 193 X Eurasian Curlew 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 194 * Upland Sandpiper 195 X * Terek Sandpiper 13-07-2015 Saltvandssøen, 196 X Common Sandpiper 05-07-1985 Bavelse 197 * Spotted Sandpiper 198 X Green Sandpiper 15-07-2007 Hegnede Bugt 199 X Spotted Redshank 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 200 * Greater Yellowlegs 201 X Common Greenshank 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 202 X * Lesser Yellowlegs 05-07-2011 Lundemosen, Keldsnor, Langeland 203 X Marsh Sandpiper 15-07-2015 Saltvandssøen, 204 X Wood Sandpiper 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 205 X Common Redshank 05-07-1985 Bavelse 206 X Ruddy Turnstone 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 207 * Wilson's Phalarope 208 X Red-necked Phalarope 25-07-2016 Klydesøen, Vestamager 209 Red Phalarope 210 Pomarine Jaeger 211 X Parasitic Jaeger 11-07-2007 Thyborøn Havn 212 Long-tailed Jaeger 213 X Great Skua 03-07-2019 Nordstrand, Skagen 214 * Ivory Gull 215 Sabine's Gull 216 X Black-legged Kittiwake 23-07-2000 Rubjerg Knude 217 * Slender-billed Gull 218 X * Bonaparte's Gull 27-07-2018 Thorsminde Havn 219 X Black-headed Gull 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 220 X Little Gull 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 221 * Ross's Gull 222 * Laughing Gull 223 * Franklin's Gull 224 X Mediterranean Gull 03-07-2010 Utterslev Mose del 1 225 * Audouin's Gull 226 * Pallas's Gull 227 X Common Gull 05-07-1985 Bavelse 228 * Ring-billed Gull 229 X Lesser Black-backed Gull 03-07-2005 Skagen 230 X European Herring Gull 04-07-1997 Valby 231 X Yellow-legged Gull 23-07-2010 Damhussøen 232 X Caspian Gull 29-07-2011 Damhussøen, Rødovre 233 * Armenian Gull 234 Iceland Gull 235 Glaucous Gull 236 X Great Black-backed Gull 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 237 * Glaucous-winged Gull 238 * Bridled Tern 239 X Little Tern 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 240 Gull-billed Tern 241 X Caspian Tern 15-07-2007 Ølsemagle revle 242 * Whiskered Tern 243 X Black Tern 19-07-1985 Tystrup Sø 244 X White-winged Tern 13-07-2015 Saltvandssøen, 245 X Sandwich Tern 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 246 * Elegant Tern 247 X Common Tern 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 248 * Roseate Tern 249 X Arctic Tern 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 250 X Common Murre 18-07-2016 Ørhage, Klitmøller 251 * Thick-billed Murre 252 X Razorbill 31-07-2007 Børstrup Hage, Gilleleje 253 X Black Guillemot 26-07-2015 Rågeleje Strand 254 Little Auk 255 Atlantic Puffin 256 * Pallas's Sandgrouse 257 X Rock Dove 01-07-2008 Tingbjerg 258 X Stock Dove 31-07-2010 Borreby Mose 259 X Common Wood Pigeon 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 260 X Eurasian Collared Dove 30-07-1997 Amager Fælled 261 European Turtle Dove 262 * Oriental Turtle Dove 263 * Mourning Dove 264 * Great Spotted Cuckoo 265 X Common Cuckoo 05-07-1985 Bavelse 266 * Black-billed Cuckoo 267 * Yellow-billed Cuckoo 268 X Western Barn Owl 13-07-2015 Randerup 269 * Eurasian Scops Owl 270 Eurasian Eagle-Owl 271 * Snowy Owl 272 * Northern Hawk-owl 273 * Eurasian Pygmy Owl 274 X Little Owl 20-07-2017 Føvling 275 X Tawny Owl 23-07-2008 Børsted 276 X Long-eared Owl 02-07-2008 Asserbo Plantage 277 X Short-eared Owl 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 278 Boreal Owl 279 X European Nightjar 02-07-2008 Asserbo Plantage 280 * Egyptian Nightjar 281 * White-throated Needletail 282 X Common Swift 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 283 * Pallid Swift 284 * Pacific Swift 285 * Alpine Swift 286 * White-rumped Swift 287 * Little Swift 288 X Common Kingfisher 24-07-2008 Lergravene, Nivå 289 * Blue-cheeked Bee-eater 290 European Bee-eater 291 * European Roller 292 Eurasian Hoopoe 293 X Eurasian Wryneck 07-07-2016 Veksø mose 294 * Northern Flicker 295 X European Green Woodpecker 10-07-2005 Katrinedal, Bryrup 296 X Black Woodpecker 08-07-2008 Gribskov, Nøddebo 297 X Great Spotted Woodpecker 08-07-2008 Stenholtsvang 298 * Middle Spotted Woodpecker 299 X Lesser Spotted Woodpecker 24-07-2008 Lergravene, Nivå 300 * Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker 301 * Bimaculated Lark 302 * Greater Short-toed Lark 303 X Crested Lark 01-07-2007 Kongens Enghave 304 X Woodlark 02-07-2008 Melby Overdrev 305 X Eurasian Skylark 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 306 Horned Lark 307 X Sand Martin 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 308 * Eurasian Crag Martin 309 X Barn Swallow 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 310 X Common House Martin 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 311 Red-rumped Swallow 312 Richard's Pipit 313 * Blyth's Pipit 314 Tawny Pipit 315 * Olive-backed Pipit 316 X Tree Pipit 04-07-2005 Kandestederne 317 X Meadow Pipit 30-07-1997 Amager Fælled 318 Red-throated Pipit 319 Eurasian Rock Pipit 320 Water Pipit 321 X Western Yellow Wagtail 05-07-1985 Bavelse 322 * Citrine Wagtail 323 X Grey Wagtail 10-07-2005 Børkop 324 X White Wagtail 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 325 Bohemian Waxwing 326 White-throated Dipper 327 X Eurasian Wren 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 328 X Dunnock 12-07-2001 Husum 329 * Siberian Accentor 330 * Alpine Accentor 331 X European Robin 05-07-2003 Kagerup 332 * Rufous-tailed Robin 333 X Thrush Nightingale 01-07-2009 Sofiendal Mose, Haslev 334 Common Nightingale 335 * Siberian Rubythroat 336 X Bluethroat 28-07-2009 Klæggrav Kammerslusen 337 * Red-flanked Bluetail 338 X Black Redstart 02-07-2006 Hvide Sande 339 X Common Redstart 12-07-2009 Asserbo Plantage 340 X Whinchat 02-07-2009 Mønge Mose, Helsinge 341 X European Stonechat 14-07-2015 Grærup langsø 342 * Siberian Stonechat 343 * Stejneger’s Stonechat 344 * Isabelline Wheatear 345 X Northern Wheatear 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 346 * Pied Wheatear 347 * Western Black-eared Wheatear 348 * Eastern Black-eared Wheatear 349 * Desert Wheatear 350 X * White-crowned Wheatear 01-07-2010 Store vrøj, Saltbæk vig 351 * Common Rock Thrush 352 * White's Thrush 353 * Swainson's Thrush 354 Ring Ouzel 355 X Common Blackbird 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 356 * Eyebrowed Thrush 357 * Dusky Thrush 358 * Black-throated Thrush 359 X Fieldfare 07-07-2008 Hejresøen 360 X Song Thrush 07-07-2005 Ålbæk Klit 361 Redwing 362 X Mistle Thrush 01-07-2006 Borris Hede 363 * American Robin 364 * Zitting Cisticola 365 * Lanceolated Warbler 366 X Common Grasshopper Warbler 19-07-2011 Vestamager, Sydøst 367 X River Warbler 08-07-2019 Tryggevælde ådal 368 Savi's Warbler 369 * Gray's Grasshopper Warbler 370 * Aquatic Warbler 371 X Sedge Warbler 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 372 * Paddyfield Warbler 373 X * Blyth's Reed Warbler 31-07-2012 Vestvolden, Hvidovre 374 X Marsh Warbler 05-07-2003 Solbjerg Engsø 375 X Eurasian Reed Warbler 30-07-1997 Amager Fælled 376 X Great Reed Warbler 05-07-2020 Åsevang, Furesøen 377 * Eastern Olivaceous Warbler 378 * Booted Warbler 379 X Icterine Warbler 05-07-2003 Solbjerg Engsø 380 * Melodious Warbler 381 * Marmora's Warbler 382 * Eastern Subalpine Warbler 383 * Western Subalpine Warbler 384 * Sardinian Warbler 385 * Rüppell's Warbler 386 * Asian Desert Warbler 387 Barred Warbler 388 X Lesser Whitethroat 02-07-2006 Bygholm Vejle 389 X Common Whitethroat 25-07-1999 Ølsemagle revle 390 X Garden Warbler 24-07-2000 Bygholm Vejle 391 X Eurasian Blackcap 25-07-1999 Ishøj Enge 392 * Green Warbler 393 Greenish Warbler 394 * Two-barred Warbler 395 * Arctic Warbler 396 Pallas's Leaf Warbler 397 Yellow-browed Warbler 398 * Hume's Leaf Warbler 399 * Radde's Warbler 400 * Dusky Warbler 401 * Sulphur-bellied Warbler 402 * Western Bonelli's Warbler 403 Wood Warbler 404 X Common Chiffchaff 25-07-2000 Fårup Klit, Nordjylland 405 * Iberian Chiffchaff 406 X Willow Warbler 04-07-1997 Nymose, Gentofte 407 X Goldcrest 22-07-2010 Kongelunden, Amager 408 X Common Firecrest 14-07-2017 Hannenov skov, Falster 409 * Asian Brown Flycatcher 410 X Spotted Flycatcher 05-07-1985 Bavelse 411 Red-breasted Flycatcher 412 * Taiga Flycatcher 413 Collared Flycatcher 414 X European Pied Flycatcher 24-07-2011 Asserbo Golf klub 415 X Bearded Reedling 16-07-2006 Klydesøen, Vestamager 416 X Long-tailed Tit 12-07-2010 Kagsmosen 417 X Eurasian Blue Tit 25-07-2000 Fårup, Nordjylland 418 X Great Tit 04-07-1997 Nymose, Gentofte 419 X European Crested Tit 02-07-2006 Kærup Holme 420 X Coal Tit 25-07-2000 Fårup Klit, Nordjylland 421 X Marsh Tit 15-07-2008 Slagelse Lystskov 422 Willow Tit 423 X Eurasian Nuthatch 10-07-2005 Katrinedal, Bryrup 424 X Eurasian Treecreeper 16-07-2008 Pamhule Skov 425 X Short-toed Treecreeper 12-07-2010 Kagsmosen 426 X Eurasian Penduline Tit 04-07-2010 Hejresøen, Vestamager 427 Eurasian Golden Oriole 428 * Brown Shrike 429 * Red-tailed Shrike 430 X Red-backed Shrike 24-07-2000 Fårup, Nordjylland 431 * Long-tailed Shrike 432 X * Lesser Grey Shrike 15-07-2008 Lebøl, Als 433 Great Grey Shrike 434 X * Woodchat Shrike 02-07-2014 Slipshavn skov, Fyn 435 X Eurasian Jay 21-07-1997 Valby 436 X Eurasian Magpie 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 437 Spotted Nutcracker 438 X Western Jackdaw 04-07-1997 Nymose, Gentofte 439 * Daurian Jackdaw 440 X Rook 21-07-2000 Jylland 441 X Carrion Crow 15-07-2008 Lebøl, Als 442 X Hooded Crow 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 443 X Northern Raven 22-07-2010 Kofoeds enge, Amager 444 * Spotless Starling 445 X Common Starling 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 446 X Rosy Starling 02-07-2015 Sejstrup, Esbjerg 447 X House Sparrow 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 448 * Spanish Sparrow 449 X Eurasian Tree Sparrow 27-07-1976 Vallensbæk 450 * White-winged Snowfinch 451 * Red-eyed Vireo 452 X Common Chaffinch 05-07-1985 Bavelse 453 Brambling 454 European Serin 455 X European Greenfinch 12-07-1985 Bavelse 456 X European Goldfinch 02-07-2006 Kærup Holme 457 X Eurasian Siskin 06-07-2010 Harrild vandmølle, Brande 458 X Common Linnet 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 459 Twite 460 X Lesser Redpoll 02-07-2008 Asserbo Plantage 461 Common Redpoll 462 Arctic Redpoll 463 X Two-barred Crossbill 29-07-2014 Tingdal plantage, Hjerpsted 464 X Red Crossbill 06-07-2010 Mølleparken, Skørping 465 Parrot Crossbill 466 * Trumpeter Finch 467 X Common Rosefinch 02-07-2012 Røsnæs Spidsen Kalundborg 468 * Pine Grosbeak 469 X Eurasian Bullfinch 08-07-2008 Stenholtsvang 470 X Hawfinch 14-07-2017 Næsgård, Falster 471 * Blackpoll Warbler 472 X * White-throated Sparrow 06-07-2010 Mølleparken, Skørping 473 * Dark-eyed Junco 474 Lapland Longspur 475 Snow Bunting 476 * Pine Bunting 477 X Yellowhammer 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 478 X * Cirl Bunting 12-07-2019 Tornby klitplantage 479 * Rock Bunting 480 * Cinereous Bunting 481 Ortolan Bunting 482 * Yellow-browed Bunting 483 * Rustic Bunting 484 * Little Bunting 485 * Yellow-breasted Bunting 486 X Common Reed Bunting 05-07-1985 Bavelse 487 * Red-headed Bunting 488 * Black-headed Bunting 489 X Corn Bunting 24-07-1976 Herstedhøje 490 * Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Leif Frederiksen have ticked 240 species at his Månedsarter Danmark - 07 - Juli .